In exploring various case studies from the Middle East, we can see the fascinating relationship between exported modernism and architecture within the context of socialist and capitalist countries during the Cold War. To get a deeper understanding of the socialist and capitalist-driven modernization processes in the region, Mehan takes a closer look at the cosmopolitan and transcultural architecture that emerged due to global and local influences. By comparing socialist and capitalist cosmopolitan architectural styles during the Cold War era in Third World contexts, she aims to gain valuable insights into their respective characteristics and the complex, interconnected, and layered nature of planning transfers and architectural exports. This comparison helps reveal how different political ideologies and economic systems influenced the built environment and shaped the architectural landscape of the Middle East during this critical period.